This text deals with A¹-homotopy theory over a base field, i.e., with the natural homotopy theory associated to the category of smooth varieties over a field in which the affine line is imposed to be contractible. It is a natural sequel to the foundational paper on A¹-homotopy theory written together with V. Voevodsky. Inspired by classical results in algebraic topology, we present new techniques, new results and applications related to the properties and computations of A¹-homotopy sheaves, A¹-homology sheaves, and sheaves with generalized transfers, as well as to algebraic vector bundles over affine smooth varieties.