Based on recent progress in neurobioloigy, the hottest topics in this field are discussed in depth! Researchers are provided with well-grounded information on the cellular and subcellular targets of neurotoxins and their mode of action on the level of ion-channels, receptors and neurotransmitters. The use of bacterial toxins as a tool in neuroscientific research is an important aspect in this context. Chapters that are of interest to clinicians as well deal with protective barriers in the peripheral and central nervous system, and metabolic disorders causing neurotxins to be built in the human body. The induction of tumors by neurotropic carcinogens is also included.