The book presents the state-of-the-art in the interdisciplinary field of fluid mechanics applied to cardiovascular modelling. It is neighter a monograph nor a collection of research papers, rather an extended review in the field. It is arranged in 4 scientific chapters each presenting thoroughly the approach of a leading research team; two additional chapters prepared by biomedical scientists present the topic by the applied perspective. This volume covers a wide range of the current topics in the field. It is an advanced text, however it derives from school lectures and presents several introductory portions to the advanced topics. A unique feature is a substantial (approx. one fourth of the book) medical introductory part, written by clinical researchers for scientific readers, that would require a large effort to be collected otherwise.