This book brings together leading experts from diverse fields to examine the past, present, and future of the Mediterranean in the face of these evolving threats. The Mediterranean Sea, one of the most biologically diverse and culturally rich regions of the world, is currently facing a convergence of multiple crises. Pollution from various sources, the accelerating impacts of climate change, and an alarming loss of biodiversity are posing unprecedented challenges to its ecosystems and the millions of people who depend on them. These crises are often interconnected and exacerbated by human activities, yet their combined effects remain insufficiently understood and addressed.

This book delves into historical patterns of ecological change, the influence of geopolitical conflicts, and the ongoing consequences of marine pollution, invasive species, and climate-induced shifts in the region’s ecosystems. It highlights the intricate linkages between environmental degradation and socio-political dynamics, shedding light on how complex interactions drive the current state of the sea.

Furthermore, this book explores the socio-economic implications of these environmental issues, emphasizing how communities and policymakers can navigate the challenges posed by rapid ecological transformations. It also discusses forward-looking strategies for conservation, sustainable management, and international cooperation to safeguard the future of the Mediterranean.

As the world’s largest semi-enclosed sea, the Mediterranean is not only an ecological treasure but also a vital lifeline that supports livelihoods, trade, and cultural heritage. This book serves as an invaluable reference for scientists, environmental practitioners, policymakers, and anyone invested in the sustainable future of this unique and fragile ecosystem.

Ali Rıza Köşker is an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Fisheries, Çukurova University, Türkiye. His research focuses on marine biotoxins, toxic invasive species, seafood safety, and human health risk assessment related to seafood consumption in the Mediterranean.

Sedat Gündoğdu is a Professor at the Faculty of Fisheries, Çukurova University, Türkiye, and a Research Fellow at the Istanbul Policy Center, Sabancı University, Türkiye. His research focuses on marine pollution, microplastics, marine litter, environmental policy, and the sustainable management of coastal and marine ecosystems.