Historical rural landscape systems are increasingly threatened by climate change, socioeconomic transformation, and processes of marginalization and abandonment. These dynamics pose substantial challenges for global food security, landscape heritage conservation, and environmental stability, often leading to hydrogeological disruption and the degradation of long-established socio-ecological systems. While such processes have emerged more recently in many developing countries, their impacts are already evident and accelerating.

Despite these pressures, marginal rural areas continue to host the majority of the world’s bio-cultural diversity, including landscapes, agrobiodiversity, traditional knowledge, and cultural practices sustained by family farming systems. Safeguarding this heritage has become a central concern within the global agroecological transition. This book argues that effective conservation and management of historical rural landscapes require a systemic interpretation of landscape dynamics combined with community-based governance approaches that actively involve local actors in decision-making processes.

Focusing on recent initiatives, particularly in Latin America and Andean countries, the book examines policies and projects that recognize rural communities as custodians of landscape heritage. Through an analysis of systemic approaches and innovations in multilevel and multistakeholder governance, it identifies key factors that support effective conservation and explores their potential replicability across diverse rural contexts.

Andrea L'Erario is PhD in Preservation of the Architectural Heritage. He currently serves as a Research fellow at Politecnico di Milano. He graduated in Architecture in 2012. He holds a Specialist qualification in Conservation of the architectural and landscape heritage since 2017. Since 2012 he has been actively engaged in research and fieldwork related to the conservation of rural landscapes as heritage within the PaRID Lab. (Research and International Documentation for Landscape, Scientific heads: Prof. Lionella Scazzosi, Dr. Arch. Paola Branduini). At Politecnico, Andrea also provides tutoring in courses of landscape heritage conservation. In 2018, he was awarded a thematic doctoral scholarship dedicated to studying policies and initiatives for the conservation of rural landscape heritage in the Global South. Since 2021, he has been affiliated with ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites) and the ISCCL (International Scientific Committee on Cultural Landscapes). Within the ISCCL he is an active member of the "World Rural Landscapes" initiative.