This book gathers original peer-reviewed papers reporting on innovative methods and tools in design, modeling, simulation and optimization, and their applications in engineering design, manufacturing, and other relevant industrial sectors. Based on contributions to the Fourth International Conference on Design Tools and Methods in Industrial Engineering, ADM 2024, held on September 11–13, 2024, in Palermo, Italy, and organized by the Italian Association of Design Methods and Tools for Industrial Engineering, and the Department of Engineering of the University of Palermo, this second volume of a 2-volume set focuses on engineering methods in medicine, human factors and ergonomics, and reverse engineering. Further topics include: digital acquisition, image processing and inspection, virtual and augmented reality, virtual prototyping and digital twin, as well as engineering education, and knowledge and product data management.  All in all, this book provides academics and professionals with a timely overview and extensive information on trends and technologies in industrial design and manufacturing.