This book provides conceptual and comprehensive information on various methods and techniques used in research activities pertaining to agricultural microbiology. The major aim of the book is to compile standardized methodology and protocols in a place convenient for students, researchers, and scientists involved in microbial research. The book also targets the new prospects and various challenges in the development and application of promising microbial techniques for agro-environmental management. This book offers basic to advanced information beginning from the isolation of microbes to its application for sustainable crop production. The techniques when used will provide in-depth knowledge of the microbial world and give a scientific basis to its exploitation in the agricultural system.