This book investigates emerging work attitudes among employees in China’s service sector, with a particular focus on the phenomena of “Tang Ping” (lying flat) and “Nei Juan” (involution). The research draws upon original empirical data collected in Shanghai in 2023, situating these attitudes within the context of intergenerational workforce dynamics and China’s rapidly evolving urban service economy.

Zhe Wang is an Associate Professor at the Business School of Shandong Xiehe University, a Ph.D. in Management, and a LEED AP (BD+C) certified professional. Her research primarily focuses on organizational behaviour, sustainable tourism development, and the economic impacts of the tourism industry. Dr. Wang has contributed to academic monographs published by Wiley and has authored numerous papers in top-tier international journals indexed by SSCI and Scopus.

Dr. Wang brings a unique interdisciplinary perspective to academia. Prior to her academic career, she spent nine years working extensively in the architectural design industry in Shanghai. This front-line experience in a highly competitive metropolis not only provided her with profound insights into modern workplace ecosystems and occupational stress but also inspired her distinctive approach to seamlessly integrating sustainable architectural concepts with business research.

Ting Yu was born in 1985 in Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. She obtained her doctoral degree from Century University in Malaysia. Currently, she is a faculty member at the School of Education of Nanchang Institute of Technology. Her research interests include higher education management, digital education, and the application of big data in education.