This book provides insight into non-conventional strategies adopted by nations across the globe for economic, political, policy, and institutional cooperation, with railways emerging as one of the non-conventional approaches. It explores how railways contribute not only to the development of the domestic economy but also shape international diplomacy between nations. The key theme that the book brings to the table is the interplay between railways and diplomacy with the support of governments and institutions, which will shed light on the influence of infrastructure on promoting

political cooperation through global connectivity programs. The book also offers in-depth insight into the railway systems of major international powers and their role in enhancing international trade, economic growth and regional cooperation. It explores emerging approaches that integrate modern technology and policy innovations into traditional railway frameworks, making them relevant to the dynamic global challenges. The book is intended for students, faculty, policymakers, researchers, and think tanks engaging in international relations, political economy, transport policy and planning. The book interests those interested in understanding the role of infrastructure in promoting global cooperation. Through its multidisciplinary approach, the book will provide a fresh perspective for further academic research and practical solutions for policymakers, making it an essential read for those shaping the future of global transport and connectivity