This book features selected high-quality research papers presented at the International Conference on Machine Intelligence and Signal Processing (MISP 2019), held at the Indian Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India, on September 7–10, 2019. The book covers the latest advances in the fields of machine learning, big data analytics, signal processing, computational learning theory, and their real-time applications. The topics covered include support vector machines (SVM) and variants like least-squares SVM (LS-SVM) and twin SVM (TWSVM), extreme learning machine (ELM), artificial neural network (ANN), and other areas in machine learning. Further, it discusses the real-time challenges involved in processing big data and adapting the algorithms dynamically to improve the computational efficiency. Lastly, it describes recent developments in processing signals, for instance, signals generated from IoT devices, smart systems, speech, and videos and addresses biomedical signal processing: electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG).