{"product_id":"9789811017674","title":"Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems","description":"\u003ch1\u003eLecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems\u003c\/h1\u003e \u003ch2\u003eXu, Jiuping; Li, Zongmin; Tao, Zhimiao\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eAmong the various multi-level formulations of mathematical models in decision making processes, this book focuses on the bi-level model. Being the most frequently used, the bi-level model addresses conflicts which exist in multi-level decision making processes. From the perspective of bi-level structure and uncertainty, this book takes real-life problems as the background, focuses on the so-called random-like uncertainty, and develops the general framework of random-like bi-level decision making problems. The random-like uncertainty considered in this book includes random phenomenon, random-overlapped random (Ra-Ra) phenomenon and fuzzy-overlapped random (Ra-Fu) phenomenon. Basic theory, models, algorithms and practical applications for different types of random-like bi-level decision making problems are also presented in this book.\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e \u003ch3\u003eDetails\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublished by: Springer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublication Date: 2016-08-30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormat: Paperback\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eISBN-13: 9789811017674\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDOI: 10.1007\/978-981-10-1768-1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDimensions: 235cm x155cm\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePages: 401\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"Springer Nature Singapore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44481587380364,"sku":"9789811017674","price":49.49,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/9545\/1788\/files\/9789811017674.jpg?v=1774028748","url":"https:\/\/fh90cf-fv.myshopify.com\/products\/9789811017674","provider":"Late Knight Books and Services, LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}