{"product_id":"9789027715494","title":"Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science: The Social Orientation of Scientific Progress","description":"\u003ch1\u003eBoston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science: The Social Orientation of Scientific Progress\u003c\/h1\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSchäfer, Wolf; Burgess, Pete\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese essays on Finalization in Science - The Social Orientation of Scientific Progress comprise a remarkable, problematic and controversial book. The authors propose a thesis about the social direction of scientific research which was the occasion of a lively and often bitter debate in Germany from 1976 to 1982. Their provocative thesis, briefly, is this: that modern science converges, historically, to the development of a number of 'closed theories', i. e. stable and relatively completed sciences, no longer to be improved by small changes but only by major changes in an entire theoretical structure. Further: that at such a stage of 'mature theory', the formerly viable norm of intra-scientific autonomy may appropriately be replaced by the social direction' of further scientific research (within such a 'mature' field) for socially relevant or, we may bluntly say, 'task-oriented' purposes. This is nothing less than a theory for the planning and social directing of science, under certain specific conditions. Understandably, it raised the sharp objections that such an approach would subordinate scientific inquiry as a free and untrammeled search for truth to the dictates of social relevance and dominant interests, even possibly to dictation and control for particularistic social and political interests.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eDetails\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublished by: Springer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublication Date: 1983-09-30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormat: Hardcover\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eISBN-13: 9789027715494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDOI: 10.1007\/978-94-009-7080-9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDimensions: 234cm x156cm\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePages: 318\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"Springer Netherlands","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45378515501196,"sku":"9789027715494","price":224.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/9545\/1788\/files\/9789027715494.jpg?v=1772024457","url":"https:\/\/fh90cf-fv.myshopify.com\/products\/9789027715494","provider":"Late Knight Books and Services, LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}