{"product_id":"9783642714429","title":"Peptides as Immunogens","description":"\u003ch1\u003ePeptides as Immunogens\u003c\/h1\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKoprowski, Hilary; Melchers, Fritz\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe humoral response of the immune system to a foreign antigen usually requires the recognition of two antigenic determinants. The one, called the carrier, is recognized by T-Iymphocytes, the other, called the hapten, by B-Iympho­ cytes. As a consequence, T - and B-Iymphocytes proliferate, B-Iymphocytes produce hapten-specific antibodies, and the system develops memory to the antigens. It was long thought that antigens would form a bridge to mediate the cooperation of T - and B-Iymphocytes. However, it now appears that antigens are broken down to fragments which then act as carrier determinants for T -lymphocytes. The cells which originally process antigen are called an­ tigen-presenting cells. They have phagocytic properties. They can take up and degrade antigens, in the case of pro­ teins to peptides. The peptides of protein antigens reappear on the surface of the antigen-presenting cells, where they must become associated with membrane proteins encoded by genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in order to be recognized by T-Iymphocytes. To activate helper T-Iym­ phocytes which cooperate in antibody responses, MHC class II molecules have to be expressed on the surface of the antigen-presenting cells. Once T -lymphocytes have be­ come activated, they are ready to cooperate with B cells.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eDetails\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublished by: Springer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublication Date: 2011-12-06\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormat: Paperback\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eISBN-13: 9783642714429\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDOI: 10.1007\/978-3-642-71440-5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDimensions: 244.0cm x170.0cm\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePages: 86.0\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44422233292940,"sku":"9783642714429","price":98.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/9545\/1788\/files\/9783642714429.jpg?v=1756261610","url":"https:\/\/fh90cf-fv.myshopify.com\/products\/9783642714429","provider":"Late Knight Books and Services, LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}