This book explores complexities in Africa-Europe or Africa-EU relations. It considers how the relations are governed, function and how the increasingly complex and changing global system shapes them. The Ruso-Ukrainian war—in its second decade—has disrupted the global security and political order. The America-China tariff row and possibilities of similar tiffs between the EU and China disrupt international trade and economic landscapes. So too, potential impacts of game changers such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), changing climate and weather patterns, changing demographics, international migration and the consequences of these factors for nation-states’ sovereignty and security. Africa and Europe find themselves in need of ways to relate and simultaneously navigate these complexities, disruptions and impacts, which precipitate great power competition and rivalry between the EU and countries such as the USA and China over Africa. The rivalries create new fault lines in global politics and prompt the question on how they impact Africa-EU relations.