This book presents the neuroimaging features of the most common conditions related or triggered by therapies for several medical conditions. In the majority of cases, these therapies are mandatory and unavoidable, but it is important to be aware of the potential complications and to identify, diagnose, report and follow-up the main neuroradiological hallmarks of these conditions. Some of these may be underreported, as for example the long-term consequences of radiation therapy, and some are less known, as SMART syndrome. Many conditions may have a broad differential diagnosis and it is not trivial to distinguish a treatment-related component from a spontaneous disease in some cases (PRES or RCVS, ARIA, etc.). Regarding PRES and RCVS, being numerous the treatments potentially associated, a description based on neuroimaigng and to detail the associated drugs is offered within the chapter. Immunotherapy is a new and modern treatment where cerebral complications are present and the increased incidence depends on the increased use of these strategies for many diseases, ranging from neurological and systemic immuno-mediated diseases to Alzheimer's disease to solid and hematologic tumors. 
Due to the multidisciplinary nature of its contents, the book is addressed to  neuroradiologists, radiologists, radiotherapists, neurologists, rheumatologists, oncologists, and hematologists.

Marialuisa Zedde works as a neurologist and deputy head of the Stroke Unit in the Neurology Unit, AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, and her main fields of interest are within cerebrovascular diseases, including rare diseases and cerebrovascular involvement in systemic diseases and immune-mediated diseases. She has been the co-chair of the Publication Subcommittee of the European Stroke Organization (ESO) Guidelines Board and a member of the ESO Board of Directors. She is also actively involved within the European Academy of Neurology in several scientific panels and in the Italian neurological and neurovascular scientific societies.

Rosario Pascarella is an experienced neuroradiologist in the field of vascular diseases, neuro-oncology and immune-mediated diseases. He has a strong background in angiographic techniques (catheter angiography, CTA, MRA), vessel wall imaging and advanced neuroimaging, including PWI-MRI and permeability studies. He is leading the neuroimaging issues of local neuro-oncological pathway in an organized multidisciplinary context and he was directly involved in defining the local pathways for these diseases. Moreover, his background and experience in neuroradiology range from the newborn to the elderly.