This book provides an up‑to‑date overview of the expanding roles of NADPH oxidases (Noxes) in human health and disease. Building on the earlier volume NADPH Oxidases Revisited: From Function to Structure, it shifts the focus toward the involvement of Nox enzymes in pathological mechanisms and their emerging relevance for therapeutic strategies.

The book highlights the chemistry and functions of Nox‑derived molecules, their roles in cytotoxic and signaling pathways, and the cooperation between Nox products and antioxidative defense systems in host tissues and pathogens. It also summarises recent advances in Nox biochemistry, synthesis and structural biology, illustrating how new mechanistic insights refine current models of enzyme activation and regulation.

Further chapters address the cell biology of Nox activity, including subcellular organisation and dynamic control within immune and non‑immune cells. A major section examines the contribution of Nox enzymes to a broad range of diseases—such as inflammation, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, neurodegeneration, infections and cancer—and discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting Nox‑mediated pathways.

Three introductory essays portray the scientific contributions of key figures in the field, providing historical context and personal perspectives on the development of Nox research.

Advances in NADPH Oxidases Research brings together molecular, cellular and translational insights, offering a concise yet comprehensive resource for researchers and clinicians interested in the biology and medical relevance of NADPH oxidases.

Edgar Pick is Professor Emeritus of Immunology at the Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University. He joined Tel Aviv University after postdoctoral studies at the Scripps Research Foundation, La Jolla, and the University of London and his initial interest was in soluble mediators of cell-mediated immunity (cytokines). Intrigued by the proposal that cytokines promote the bactericidal action of phagocytes by augmenting their production of ROS in response to phagocytosis of microorganisms, he engaged in an in-depth study of the enzyme responsible for the generation of the primordial ROS, the superoxide anion (the NADPH oxidase of phagocytes or Nox2). In the course of a period of four decades, he made fundamental discoveries in this area that comprised: the design of the “cell-free system” of activating the resting Nox2 in vitro, leading to the discovery that the activation of the membrane-localized enzyme depends on the participation of cytosolic components; the identification of the small GTPase Rac1 as essential for the activation of Nox2; providing proof for the presence of all catalytic redox centers in Nox2; elucidation of the mechanism of dissociation of the Rac1-Rho GDP Dissociation Inhibitor (RhoGDI) complex; the design of a trimeric fusion protein consisting of functionally significant domains in the 3 cytosolic regulators, and the identification of a key domain in Nox2 involved in interaction with the activating regulatory protein p67^phox. Edgar Pick was an Editor of the book “Biology of the Lymphokines” (Academic Press, 1979), coedited with Stanley Cohen (1st coeditor) and Joost J. Oppenheim (3rd coeditor). He also acted as the Editor of the books series “Lymphokines”, volumes 1-15 (Academic Press, 1980-1988), with Maurice Landy as Advisory Editor. He, recently, edited the book “NADPH Oxidases Revisited: From Function to Structure” (Springer, Cham, 2023).