The book explores the prohibition and prosecution of hate speech in international law.  Building on the international legal framework, the invaluable jurisprudence of the Trial and Appeal Chambers of the UN ad hoc Tribunals (the ICTY and the ICTR), and views of scholars in the social sciences, the book focuses on two inter-related complexities in prosecuting hate speech in international criminal law: criminal participation and causation. A hypothetical scenario is developed, with numerous actors playing various roles in that given context, with the impact of altering their criminal liability, and raising further questions that touch on the issue of causation in criminal law. 

Avitus Agbor is a Research Professor of Law at the North-West University. His research focus is broadly Public International Law, but with specific interests and expertise in international human rights law; international criminal law; international criminal justice. He is also interested in constitutional law, criminal law; good governance and accountability for human rights violations.