- Demonstrates Ma thinking either consciously or unconsciously to achieve innovations in a wide range of creative activities such as architecture and the arts.

- Examines the result of research spanning dissimilar academic disciplines into innovation based on Ma thinking carried out through collaboration between scholars involved in business, architecture and the arts.

- Presents detailed case studies and theoretical concepts of innovation activities at the micro level in business workplaces as well as design and artistic innovations in architecture and the arts.