This book focuses on the chemistry and applications of flame retardants for polymers and other materials. It starts with a description and types of flame retardants, as well as their properties and chemical structures, to include chlorine- and bromine-containing flame retardants, phosphorus-based flame retardants, nitrogen-based flame retardants, and silicones. Inorganic materials that serve as flame retardants, such as boron-based additives, graphenes, and others are discussed in detail.

In addition, the following subjects are discussed in detail:

• Flame retardant polymers
• The mechanisms of flame retardants, such as flame cooling, synergetic effects, degradation of flame retardants, and others
• Other flame retardant compositions, such as dripping inhibitors and smoke suppressants
• Testing methods for flame retardants, international standards, human health hazards, such as smoke toxicity and problems with wastes
• Synthesis and fabrication methods, as well as recycling methods
• The application of flame retardants to the coating material using 3D printing, reactive coating, and bulk addition methods
• Non-burning comonomers, foams, nanocomposites and bio-based materials
• Flame retardants with other textiles, such as wool and electrical applications such as batteries

Johannes Karl Fink is Professor of Macromolecular Chemistry at Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria. His industry and academic career spans more than 40 years in the fields of polymers, and his research interests include characterization, flame retardancy, thermodynamics and the degradation of polymers, pyrolysis, and adhesives. Professor Fink has published many books on physical chemistry and polymer science including A Concise Introduction to Additives for Thermoplastic Polymers (Wiley-Scrivener 2009), The Chemistry of Biobased Polymers, 2^nd edition (Wiley-Scrivener 2019), 3D Industrial Printing with Polymers (Wiley-Scrivener 2019) and The Chemistry of Environmental Engineering (Wiley-Scrivener 2020).