A systematic view of hierarchical protection for smart grids, with solutions to tradition protection problems and complicated operation modes of modern power systems

• Systematically investigates traditional protection problems from the bird’s eye view of hierarchical protection

• Focuses on multiple variable network structures and complicated operation modes

• Offers comprehensive countermeasures on improving protection performance based on up-to-date research

Zengping Wang and Jing Ma, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China