{"product_id":"9780792358763","title":"Fallen Angels: Balthasar Bekker, Spirit Belief, and Confessionalism in the Seventeenth Century Dutch Republic","description":"\u003ch1\u003eFallen Angels: Balthasar Bekker, Spirit Belief, and Confessionalism in the Seventeenth Century Dutch Republic\u003c\/h1\u003e \u003ch2\u003eFix, A.\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDutch Reformed pastor Balthasar Bekker (1634-1698) has  long been recognized as a key figure in the end of the witchcraft  persecutions in early modern Europe. With the publication of his  monumental four-volume work \u003cem\u003eThe World Bewitched\u003c\/em\u003e Bekker argued  against the temporal activity of the devil and evil spirits as well as  against the reality of witchcraft, sorcery, and spirit possession. Yet  Bekker's ideas drew opposition from Dutch Reformed clergymen who  charged that his use of Cartesian philosophy to reject the temporal  activity of spirits threatened much of traditional religious faith.  \u003cbr\u003e  This book argues that it wa Bekker's exegesis of biblical passages in  which spirits and spirit activity were mentioned that was a far  greater threat than his Cartesian metaphysics to the literal  interpretation of the Bible which was the intellectual cornerstone of  Dutch reformed confessionalism, dominant in the church since the Synod  of Dordrecht (1618-1619). With an examination of the ideas of  Bekker, his opponents and supporters, this book places the controversy  around \u003cem\u003eThe World Bewitched\u003c\/em\u003e within the context of the Cartesian  debates of the seventeenth century and the growth of confessionalism  within the Dutch Reformed church.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eDetails\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublished by: Springer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublication Date: 1999-09-30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormat: Hardcover\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eISBN-13: 9780792358763\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDOI: 10.1007\/978-94-017-1531-7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDimensions: 235.0cm x155.0cm\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePages: 184.0\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"Springer Netherlands","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45378883747980,"sku":"9780792358763","price":98.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/9545\/1788\/files\/9780792358763_41300c2d-5dea-4032-9a51-10b88d170731.jpg?v=1765470612","url":"https:\/\/fh90cf-fv.myshopify.com\/products\/9780792358763","provider":"Late Knight Books and Services, LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}