{"product_id":"9780792351580","title":"Trace Metals in the Westerschelde Estuary: A Case-Study of a Polluted, Partially Anoxic Estuary","description":"\u003ch3\u003eDevelopments in Hydrobiology\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003ch1\u003eTrace Metals in the Westerschelde Estuary: A Case-Study of a Polluted, Partially Anoxic Estuary\u003c\/h1\u003e\u003ch3\u003eW. Baeyens\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cb\u003eScience \/ Chemistry \/ General\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOceans and lakes are characterized by large residence times and  can thus be considered as being in an equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium  state. In contrast, estuaries, which constitute the interface between  the fresh water and marine ecosystems, are biogeochemically and  physically very dynamic. Strong gradients in physical and chemical  variables such as temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen,  nutrients, amount and composition of particulates result from the  mixing of fresh water and saline end members. These gradients provoke  increased biogeochemical processes, generally resulting in a  geochemical filter (the area of high turbidity, showing enhanced  adsorption-desorption processes) and a biological filter (the  area of high plankton activity showing, besides a high uptake of  nutrients, a high accumulation of trace metals). Both filters disturb  the conservative mixing pattern of the trace metals in an estuary.  \u003cbr\u003e  In addition, four aspects make the Scheldt estuary very unusual and  different from other estuaries: \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003ethe Scheldt is a  tide-governed estuary which means larger residence times; \u003c\/li\u003e  \u003cli\u003ethe  upper estuary receives large inputs of biodegradable organic matter  which leads to oxygen depletion in winter and to anoxic conditions in  summer; \u003c\/li\u003e  \u003cli\u003einputs of toxic pollutants occur in the upper estuary by  the industrial park of Antwerp; \u003c\/li\u003e  \u003cli\u003ethe anoxic zone, the zone of  pollutant input and the zone of the turbidity maximum coincide  geographically.\u003c\/li\u003e  \u003c\/ul\u003e   \u003cbr\u003e  The Scheldt estuary is thus an ideal field laboratory for the study of  biogeochemical processes which do not occur elsewhere, or only  partially, to a very low extent or in a specific compartment, i.e. the  sediments. More specifically, redox processes involving trace metals,  the formation of non-labile metal complexes, and the methylation of  mercury occur as a result of anoxic conditions and the high load of  organic matter. Several models describing indetail the transport, the  sedimentation and the speciation of the trace metals in this  well-mixed estuary (all major estuaries in EC countries adjacent to  the North Sea or the Atlantic Ocean are well-mixed) are presented in  this book. A comparison of the metal concentrations over a 15-year  period shows a net reduction of the pollution level.\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePublication Date: \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e30 September 1998\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePublisher: \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpringer Netherlands\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eImprint: \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpringer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eISBN-13: \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e9780792351580\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFormat: \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHardback\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePage Count: \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e167\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"Springer Netherlands","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50803455787148,"sku":"9780792351580","price":98.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/9545\/1788\/files\/9780792351580.jpg?v=1781752897","url":"https:\/\/fh90cf-fv.myshopify.com\/products\/9780792351580","provider":"Late Knight Books and Services, LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}