{"product_id":"9780792346937","title":"Nonconvex Optimization and Its Applications","description":"\u003ch1\u003eNonconvex Optimization and Its Applications\u003c\/h1\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMigdalas, A.; Pardalos, Panos M.; Värbrand, Peter\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eResearchers working with nonlinear programming often claim \"the word is non­ linear\" indicating that real applications require nonlinear modeling. The same is true for other areas such as multi-objective programming (there are always several goals in a real application), stochastic programming (all data is uncer­ tain and therefore stochastic models should be used), and so forth. In this spirit we claim: The word is multilevel. In many decision processes there is a hierarchy of decision makers, and decisions are made at different levels in this hierarchy. One way to handle such hierar­ chies is to focus on one level and include other levels' behaviors as assumptions. Multilevel programming is the research area that focuses on the whole hierar­ chy structure. In terms of modeling, the constraint domain associated with a multilevel programming problem is implicitly determined by a series of opti­ mization problems which must be solved in a predetermined sequence. If only two levels are considered, we have one leader (associated with the upper level) and one follower (associated with the lower level).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eDetails\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublished by: Springer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublication Date: 1997-12-31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormat: Hardcover\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eISBN-13: 9780792346937\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDOI: 10.1007\/978-1-4613-0307-7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDimensions: 240cm x160cm\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePages: 386\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"Springer US","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":45578314973324,"sku":"9780792346937","price":197.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/9545\/1788\/files\/9780792346937.jpg?v=1771508044","url":"https:\/\/fh90cf-fv.myshopify.com\/products\/9780792346937","provider":"Late Knight Books and Services, LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}