{"product_id":"9780792317746","title":"Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences: Extended versions of papers presented in the Symposium, Role of Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Sustainable Agriculture at the 13th Congress of Soil Science, Kyoto, Japan, 1990","description":"\u003ch1\u003eDevelopments in Plant and Soil Sciences: Extended versions of papers presented in the Symposium, Role of Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Sustainable Agriculture at the 13th Congress of Soil Science, Kyoto, Japan, 1990\u003c\/h1\u003e \u003ch2\u003eLadha, J.K.; George, T.; Bohlool, C.\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical fertilizers have had a significant impact on food  production in the recent past, and are today an indispensable part of  modern agriculture. On the other hand, the oil crisis of the 1970s and  the current Middle East problems are constant reminders of the  vulnerability of our fossil fuel dependent agriculture. There are vast  areas of the developing world where N fertilizers are neither  available nor affordable and, in most of these countries, balance of  payment problems have resulted in the removal of N fertilizer  subsidies. The external costs of environmental degradation and human  health far exceed economic concerns. Input efficiency of N fertilizer  is one of the lowest and, in turn, contributes substantially to  environmental pollution. Nitrate in ground and surface waters and the  threat to the stability of the ozone layer from gaseous oxides of  nitrogen are major health and environmental concerns. The removal of  large quantities of crop produce from the land also depletes soil of  its native N reserves. Another concern is the decline in crop yields  under continuous use of N fertilizers. \u003cbr\u003e  These economic, environmental and production considerations dictate  that biological alternatives which can augment, and in some cases  replace, N fertilizers must be exploited. Long-term sustainability of  agricultural systems must rely on the use and effective management of  internal resources. The process of biological nitrogen fixation offers  and economically attractive and ecologically sound means of reducing  external nitrogen input and improving the quality and quantity of  internal resources. In this book, we outline sustainability issues  that dictate an increased use of biological nitrogen fixation and the  constraints on its optimal use in agriculture. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eDetails\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublished by: Springer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublication Date: 1992-05-31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormat: Hardcover\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eISBN-13: 9780792317746\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDOI: 10.1007\/978-94-017-0910-1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDimensions: 297cm x210cm\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePages: 212\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"Springer Netherlands","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44398567391372,"sku":"9780792317746","price":152.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/9545\/1788\/files\/9780792317746.jpg?v=1771514397","url":"https:\/\/fh90cf-fv.myshopify.com\/products\/9780792317746","provider":"Late Knight Books and Services, LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}