{"product_id":"9780306477140","title":"Cryocoolers 12","description":"\u003ch1\u003eCryocoolers 12\u003c\/h1\u003e \u003ch2\u003eRoss, Ronald G. Jr.\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe last two years have witnessed a continuation in the breakthrough shift toward pulse tube cryocoolers for long-life, high-reliability cryocooler applications. One class of pulse tubes that has reached maturity is referred to as “Stirling type” because they are based on the linear Oxford Stirling-cooler type compressor; these generally provide cooling in the 30 to 100 K temperature range and operate at frequencies from 30 to 60 Hz. The other type of pulse tube cooler making great advances is the so-called “Gifford-McMahon type. ” Pulse tube coolers of this type use a G-M type compressor and lower frequency operation to achieve temperatures in the 2 to 10 K temperature range. Nearly a third of this proceedings covers these new developments in the pulse tube arena. Complementing the work on low-temperature pulse tubes is substantial continued progress on rare earth regenerator materials and Gifford-McMahon coolers. These technologies continue to make great progress in opening up the 2 - 4 K market. Also in the commercial sector, continued interest is being shown in the development of long-life, low-cost cryocoolers for the emerging high temperature superconductor electronics market, particularly the cellular telephone base-station market. At higher temperature levels, closed-cycle J-T or throttle-cycle refrigerators are taking advantage of mixed refrigerant gases to achieve low-cost cryocooler systems in the 65 to 80 K temperature range.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eDetails\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublished by: Springer\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublication Date: 2003-03-31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFormat: Hardcover\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eISBN-13: 9780306477140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDOI: 10.1007\/b100535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDimensions: 297cm x210cm\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePages: 825\u003c\/p\u003e ","brand":"Springer US","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47185134846092,"sku":"9780306477140","price":197.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0710\/9545\/1788\/files\/9780306477140.jpg?v=1775011667","url":"https:\/\/fh90cf-fv.myshopify.com\/products\/9780306477140","provider":"Late Knight Books and Services, LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}